Parasitic mites of animals and fighting them

Abstract

The dissemination of ixodid mites has been studied throughout in four regions (Marneuli, Bolnisi, Gardabani, Dmanisi) of Kvemo Kartli (Georgia). 9 species of parasitic mites were identified from 5 families of Ixodidae.. Periods of attack of parasites have been identified on agricultural animals. The highest number of pupa was observed in May-July, nymph - August-September (Marneuli, Gardabani, Bolnisi), and in the highlands (Dmanisi) imago is active from the second half of March until the end of May, pupa-from the end of July to the end of August, nymph-from the second half of March until the second half of May. For the increase of fighting efficiency against the parasitic mites, on the basis of synthetic pyrethroids there was developed environmentally little dangerousy preparation (conditional name “Giometrin”) with the prolonged acaricidal effect. Prolongation of acaricidal effect of “Giometrin” became possible in the result of combination of water-oil emulsion and synthetic piretroides. The simultaneous use of hydrophilic and organophilic surfactants in the formulation led to an increase in oil up to 80%. By diluting the obtained preparation in the water, milk-like liquid is formed, that has longer acaricidal action ( 25-28 days), than the imported preparations (12-15 days) presented on the local market. It was confirmed, that after 96 hours of the treatment of hungry imago by the 0.015-0,02% solution of the preparation in lab conditions 100% mortality was identified, and in case of 0,0001-0,0075% of solution the mortality rate varried within 78.9-95.9%. In real conditions, in four farms, cattle were treated with of working solutions with concentration 0.0075-0.001-0.015-0.02%. Totally a 4-5 adult and adolescent cattle was treated with “Giometrin” in each farm. In daily monitoring, the viability of ticks and the number of dead ticks fallen from the skin of cattle were monitored. It has been confirmed, that imago forms totally die during 3-4 days, while the satiated mites die 4-5 days later after the treatment. The clinical condition of observed cattle was in norm, milk yield was not decreased. Conducted macro and micro morphological studies have shown that the spraying of 0,02% solution of the oil-emulsion preparation “Giometrin” does not cause changes in skin and internal organs. The reaction of the organism is within the norm. 1 hour later after spraying, weakly expressed capillary hype-remia and perivascular infiltration is detected in skin and regional lymph nodes. 6 hrs later after the spraying no deviation from the norm is indicated, it means that the change is not the result of the toxicity of the preparation or the cumulative effect of the skin. During the season for the guaranteed protection against the ticks 15 procedures are required in case of insecticide-acaricide preparations presented on veterinary market, while in case of treatment with the developed oil-emulsion preparation “Giometrin” with prolonged action only 7-8 times is enough. If we take into account the self-price of “Giometrin”, that is, 10-15% less com-pared to imported, preparations, overalls developed preparation can reduce almost 2 times the expenses for the protection of animals from ectoparasites. Georgian Patent (GEP2011.5346B) has been adopted for the development of a concentrated oil-water emulsion concentrate with acaricide properties.