Review of the Halyomorpha halys (Stal, 1855) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Georgia: Distribution, biology and management

Abstract

Halyomorpha halys (Stal, 1855) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) invasion in Georgia territory first observed in 2015 year. In 2016-2019 an outbreak of H. halys resulting huge economic losses which negatively affected to the income of small-scale farmers aswell as the Georgian economy. The article reviews the bioecological characteristics of the insect at various locations, such as in Georgia, other invaded areas and its natural distribution range of H. halys. This article describes the life history, food specialization, economicimportance of H. halys. Also the recent results of studies on H. halys natural enemies, control tools and management strategies areincorporated to the article. In the face of climate change, the risks of insect outbreaks increase from year to year. Invasive agriculturalpests such as H. halys pose a major threat to agriculture crop production and food security. To have a comprehensive information about H. halys has a huge importance to effectively plan and implement measures without or with minimal adverse environmental impact.